【經文資訊】大正新脩大藏經 第十二冊 No. 374《大般涅槃經》CBETA 電子佛典 V1.50 普及版
# Taisho Tripitaka Vol. 12, No. 374 大般涅槃經, CBETA Chinese Electronic Tripitaka V1.50, Normalized Version
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T12n0374_p0433c22║大般涅槃經卷第十二
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T12n0374_p0433c24║　　　　北涼天竺三藏曇無讖譯
T12n0374_p0433c25║聖行品第七之二
T12n0374_p0433c26║復次善男子。菩薩摩訶薩聖行者。觀察是身
T12n0374_p0433c27║從頭至足。其中唯有髮毛爪齒不淨垢穢。
T12n0374_p0433c28║皮肉筋骨脾腎心肺肝膽腸胃生熟二藏大小
T12n0374_p0433c29║便利涕唾目淚。肪膏腦膜骨髓膿血腦胲諸
T12n0374_p0434a01║脈。菩薩如是專念觀時。誰有是我。我為屬
T12n0374_p0434a02║誰。住在何處。誰屬於我。復作是念。骨是我
T12n0374_p0434a03║耶。離骨是耶。菩薩爾時除去皮肉唯觀白
T12n0374_p0434a04║骨。復作是念。骨色相異。所謂青黃赤白及
T12n0374_p0434a05║以鴿色。如是骨相亦復非我。何以故。我者
T12n0374_p0434a06║亦非青黃赤白及以鴿色。菩薩繫心作是觀
T12n0374_p0434a07║時即得斷除一切色欲。復作是念。如是骨
T12n0374_p0434a08║者從因緣生。依因足骨以拄踝骨。依因踝
T12n0374_p0434a09║骨以拄膊骨。依因膊骨以拄膝骨。依因膝
T12n0374_p0434a10║骨以拄髀骨。依因髀骨以拄臗骨。依因臗
T12n0374_p0434a11║骨以拄腰骨。依因腰骨以拄脊骨。依因脊骨
T12n0374_p0434a12║以拄肋骨。復因脊骨上拄項骨。依因項骨以
T12n0374_p0434a13║拄頷骨。依因頷骨以拄牙齒。上有髑髏。復
T12n0374_p0434a14║因項骨以拄膊骨。依因膊骨以拄臂骨。依因
T12n0374_p0434a15║臂骨以拄腕骨。依因腕骨以拄掌骨。依因掌
T12n0374_p0434a16║骨以拄指骨。菩薩摩訶薩如是觀時身所有
T12n0374_p0434a17║骨一切分離。得是觀已即斷三欲。一形貌欲。
T12n0374_p0434a18║二姿態欲。三細觸欲。菩薩摩訶薩觀青骨時。
T12n0374_p0434a19║見此大地東西南北四維上下悉皆青相。如
T12n0374_p0434a20║青色觀黃白鴿色亦復如是。菩薩摩訶薩作
T12n0374_p0434a21║是觀時。眉間即出青黃赤白鴿等色光。是
T12n0374_p0434a22║菩薩於是一一諸光明中見有佛像。見已即
T12n0374_p0434a23║問。如此身者不淨因緣和合共成。云何而得
T12n0374_p0434a24║坐起行住屈伸俯仰。視瞬喘息悲泣喜笑。此
T12n0374_p0434a25║中無主。誰使之然。作是問已。光中諸佛忽
T12n0374_p0434a26║然不現。復作是念或識是我。故使諸佛不為
T12n0374_p0434a27║我說。復觀此識次第生滅猶如流水亦復非
T12n0374_p0434a28║我。復作是念。若識非我出息入息或能是我。
T12n0374_p0434a29║復作是念。是出入息直是風性。而是風性
T12n0374_p0434b01║乃是四大。四大之中何者是我。地性非我水
T12n0374_p0434b02║火風性亦復非我。復作是念。此身一切悉無
T12n0374_p0434b03║有我。唯有心風因緣和合示現種種所作事
T12n0374_p0434b04║業。譬如咒力幻術所作。亦如箜篌隨意出聲。
T12n0374_p0434b05║是故此身如是不淨假眾因緣和合共成。而
T12n0374_p0434b06║於何處生此貪欲。若被罵辱復於何處而生
T12n0374_p0434b07║瞋恚。而我此身三十六物不淨臭穢。何處當
T12n0374_p0434b08║有受罵辱者。若聞其罵即便思惟。以何音聲
T12n0374_p0434b09║而見罵耶。一一音聲不能見罵。若一不能
T12n0374_p0434b10║多亦不能。以是義故不應生瞋。若他來打亦
T12n0374_p0434b11║應思惟。如是打者從何而生。復作是念。因
T12n0374_p0434b12║手刀杖及以我身故得名打。我今何緣橫瞋
T12n0374_p0434b13║於他。乃是我身自招此咎。以我受是五陰身
T12n0374_p0434b14║故。譬如因的則有箭中。我身亦爾有身有打。
T12n0374_p0434b15║我若不忍心則散亂。心若散亂則失正念。若
T12n0374_p0434b16║失正念則不能觀善不善義。若不能觀善不
T12n0374_p0434b17║善義則行惡法。惡法因緣則墮地獄畜生餓
T12n0374_p0434b18║鬼。菩薩爾時作是觀已得四念處。得四念處
T12n0374_p0434b19║已則得住於堪忍地中。菩薩摩訶薩住是地
T12n0374_p0434b20║已。則能堪忍貪欲恚癡。亦能堪忍寒熱飢渴
T12n0374_p0434b21║蚊虻蚤虱。暴風惡觸種種疾疫。惡口罵詈撾
T12n0374_p0434b22║打楚撻。身心苦惱一切能忍。是故名為住堪
T12n0374_p0434b23║忍地。迦葉。菩薩摩訶薩白佛言。世尊。菩薩
T12n0374_p0434b24║未得住不動地淨持戒時。頗有因緣得破戒
T12n0374_p0434b25║不。善男子。有菩薩未得住不動地。有因緣
T12n0374_p0434b26║故可得破戒。迦葉敬諾。何者是耶。佛言。
T12n0374_p0434b27║迦葉。若有菩薩知以破戒因緣。則能令人受
T12n0374_p0434b28║持愛樂大乘經典。又能令其讀誦通利書寫
T12n0374_p0434b29║經卷廣為他說。不退轉於阿耨多羅三藐三
T12n0374_p0434c01║菩提。為如是故故得破戒。菩薩爾時應作是
T12n0374_p0434c02║念。我寧一劫若減一劫墮於阿鼻地獄受罪。
T12n0374_p0434c03║要必當令如是之人不退轉於阿耨多羅三藐
T12n0374_p0434c04║三菩提。迦葉。以是因緣菩薩摩訶薩得毀淨
T12n0374_p0434c05║戒。爾時文殊師利菩薩摩訶薩白佛言。世尊。
T12n0374_p0434c06║若有菩薩攝取護持如是之人令不退於菩
T12n0374_p0434c07║提之心。為是毀戒。若墮阿鼻無有是處。爾
T12n0374_p0434c08║時佛讚文殊師利。善哉善哉。如汝所說。我
T12n0374_p0434c09║念往昔於此閻浮提作大國王。名曰仙預。
T12n0374_p0434c10║愛念敬重大乘經典。其心純善無有麤惡嫉
T12n0374_p0434c11║妒慳吝。口常宣說愛語善語。身常攝護貧窮
T12n0374_p0434c12║孤獨。布施精進無有休廢。時世無佛聲聞緣
T12n0374_p0434c13║覺。我於爾時愛樂大乘方等經典。十二年中
T12n0374_p0434c14║事婆羅門供給所須。過十二年施安已訖。即
T12n0374_p0434c15║作是言。師等今應發阿耨多羅三藐三菩提
T12n0374_p0434c16║心。婆羅門言。大王。菩提之性是無所有。大
T12n0374_p0434c17║乘經典亦復如是。大王。云何乃令人物同於
T12n0374_p0434c18║虛空。善男子。我於爾時心重大乘。聞婆羅
T12n0374_p0434c19║門誹謗方等。聞已即時斷其命根。善男子。以
T12n0374_p0434c20║是因緣從是已來不墮地獄。善男子。擁護攝
T12n0374_p0434c21║持大乘經典。乃有如是無量勢力。
T12n0374_p0434c22║復次迦葉。又有聖行所謂四聖諦。苦集滅道
T12n0374_p0434c23║是名四聖諦。迦葉。苦者逼迫相。集者能生
T12n0374_p0434c24║長相。滅者寂滅相。道者大乘相。復次善男
T12n0374_p0434c25║子。苦者現相。集者轉相。滅者除相。道者能
T12n0374_p0434c26║除相。復次善男子。苦者有三相。苦苦相行
T12n0374_p0434c27║苦相壞苦相。集者二十五有。滅者滅二十五
T12n0374_p0434c28║有。道者修戒定慧。復次善男子。有漏法者
T12n0374_p0434c29║有二種。有因有果。無漏法者亦有二種。有
T12n0374_p0435a01║因有果。有漏果者是則名苦。有漏因者則名
T12n0374_p0435a02║為集。無漏果者則名為滅。無漏因者則名為
T12n0374_p0435a03║道。復次善男子。八相名苦。所謂生苦老苦
T12n0374_p0435a04║病苦死苦愛別離苦怨憎會苦求不得苦五盛
T12n0374_p0435a05║陰苦。能生如是八苦法者。是名為因。無有
T12n0374_p0435a06║如是八法之處。是名為滅。十力四無所畏三
T12n0374_p0435a07║念處大悲。是名為道。善男子。生者出相。所
T12n0374_p0435a08║謂五種。一者初出。二者至終。三者增長。四
T12n0374_p0435a09║者出胎。五者種類生。何等為老。老有二種。
T12n0374_p0435a10║一念念老。二終身老。復有二種。一增長老。
T12n0374_p0435a11║二滅壞老。是名為老。云何為病。病謂四大
T12n0374_p0435a12║毒蛇互不調適。亦有二種。一者身病。二者
T12n0374_p0435a13║心病。身病有五。一者因水。二者因風。三者
T12n0374_p0435a14║因熱。四者雜病。五者客病。客病有四。一者
T12n0374_p0435a15║非分強作。二者忘誤墮落。三者刀杖瓦石。
T12n0374_p0435a16║四者鬼魅所著。心病亦有四種。一者踊躍。
T12n0374_p0435a17║二者恐怖。三者憂愁。四者愚癡。復次善男
T12n0374_p0435a18║子。身心之病凡有三種。何等為三。一者業
T12n0374_p0435a19║報。二者不得遠離惡對。三者時節代謝。生
T12n0374_p0435a20║如是等因緣名字受分別病。因緣者。風等諸
T12n0374_p0435a21║病。名字者。心悶肺脹上氣咳逆心驚下痢。
T12n0374_p0435a22║受分別者。頭痛目痛手足等痛。是名為病。
T12n0374_p0435a23║何等為死。死者捨所受身。捨所受身亦有二
T12n0374_p0435a24║種。一命盡死。二外緣死。命盡死者亦有三
T12n0374_p0435a25║種。一者命盡非是福盡。二者福盡非是命盡。
T12n0374_p0435a26║三者福命俱盡。外緣死者復有三種。一者
T12n0374_p0435a27║非分自害死。二者橫為他死。三者俱死。又
T12n0374_p0435a28║有三種死。一放逸死。二破戒死。三壞命根
T12n0374_p0435a29║死。何等名為放逸死。若有誹謗大乘方等
T12n0374_p0435b01║般若波羅蜜。是名放逸死。何等名為破戒死
T12n0374_p0435b02║耶。毀犯去來現在諸佛所制禁戒。是名破
T12n0374_p0435b03║戒死。何等名為壞命根死。捨五陰身。是名
T12n0374_p0435b04║壞命根死。如是名曰死為大苦。何等名為愛
T12n0374_p0435b05║別離苦。所愛之物破壞離散。所愛之物破壞
T12n0374_p0435b06║離散亦有二種。一者人中五陰壞。二者天中
T12n0374_p0435b07║五陰壞。如是人天所愛五陰。分別挍計有
T12n0374_p0435b08║無量種。是名愛別離苦。何等名為怨憎會苦。
T12n0374_p0435b09║所不愛者而共聚集。所不愛者而共聚集復
T12n0374_p0435b10║有三種。所謂地獄餓鬼畜生。如是三趣分別
T12n0374_p0435b11║挍計有無量種。如是則名怨憎會苦。何等名
T12n0374_p0435b12║為求不得苦。求不得苦復有二種。一者所
T12n0374_p0435b13║悕望處求不能得。二者多役功力不得果報。
T12n0374_p0435b14║如是則名求不得苦。何等名為五盛陰苦。五
T12n0374_p0435b15║盛陰苦者。生苦老苦病苦死苦愛別離苦怨
T12n0374_p0435b16║憎貪苦求不得苦。是故名為五盛陰苦。迦
T12n0374_p0435b17║葉。生之根本凡有如是七種之苦。老苦乃至
T12n0374_p0435b18║五盛陰苦。迦葉。夫衰老者非一切有。佛及
T12n0374_p0435b19║諸天一向定無。人中不定或有或無。迦葉。
T12n0374_p0435b20║三界受身無不有生老不必定。是故一切生
T12n0374_p0435b21║為根本。迦葉。世間眾生顛倒覆心。貪著生
T12n0374_p0435b22║相厭患老死。迦葉。菩薩不爾。觀其初生已
T12n0374_p0435b23║見過患。迦葉。如有女人入於他舍。是女端
T12n0374_p0435b24║正顏貌瑰麗。以好瓔珞莊嚴其身。主人見
T12n0374_p0435b25║已即便問言。汝字何等繫屬於誰。女人答言。
T12n0374_p0435b26║我身即是功德大天。主人問言。汝所至處為
T12n0374_p0435b27║何所作。女人答言。我所至處能與種種金銀
T12n0374_p0435b28║琉璃頗梨真珠珊瑚虎珀車磲馬瑙象馬車乘
T12n0374_p0435b29║奴婢僕使。主人聞已心生歡喜踴躍無量。我
T12n0374_p0435c01║今福德故令汝來至我舍宅。即便燒香散花
T12n0374_p0435c02║供養恭敬禮拜。復於門外更見一女。其形醜
T12n0374_p0435c03║陋衣裳弊壞多諸垢膩。皮膚皴裂其色艾白。
T12n0374_p0435c04║見已問言。汝字何等繫屬誰家。女人答言。
T12n0374_p0435c05║我字黑闇。復問。何故名為黑闇。女人答言。
T12n0374_p0435c06║我所行處能令其家所有財寶一切衰秏。主
T12n0374_p0435c07║人聞已即持利刀作如是言。汝若不去當斷
T12n0374_p0435c08║汝命。女人答言。汝甚愚癡無有智慧。主人
T12n0374_p0435c09║問言。何故名我癡無智慧。女人答言。汝舍
T12n0374_p0435c10║中者即是我姊。我常與姊進止共俱。汝若
T12n0374_p0435c11║驅我亦當驅彼。主人還入問功德天。外有一
T12n0374_p0435c12║女云是汝妹實為是不。功德天言。實是我妹。
T12n0374_p0435c13║我與此妹行住共俱未曾相離。隨所住處我
T12n0374_p0435c14║常作好彼常作惡。我常利益彼常作衰。若
T12n0374_p0435c15║愛我者亦應愛彼。若見恭敬亦應敬彼。主人
T12n0374_p0435c16║即言。若有如是好惡事者。我俱不用各隨意
T12n0374_p0435c17║去。是時二女俱共相將還其所止。爾時主
T12n0374_p0435c18║人見其還去。心生歡喜踊躍無量。是時二女
T12n0374_p0435c19║復共相隨至一貧家。貧人見已心生歡喜即
T12n0374_p0435c20║請之言。從今已去願汝二人常住我家。功德
T12n0374_p0435c21║天言。我等先以為他所驅。汝復何緣俱請
T12n0374_p0435c22║我住。貧人答言。汝今念我。我以汝故復當
T12n0374_p0435c23║敬彼。是故俱請令住我家。迦葉。菩薩摩訶
T12n0374_p0435c24║薩亦復如是。不願生天。以生當有老病死故。
T12n0374_p0435c25║是以俱棄曾無愛心。凡夫愚人不知老病死
T12n0374_p0435c26║等過患。是故貪受生死二法。復次迦葉。如
T12n0374_p0435c27║婆羅門幼稚童子為飢所逼。見人糞中有菴
T12n0374_p0435c28║羅果即便取之。有智見已呵責之言。汝婆羅
T12n0374_p0435c29║門種姓清淨。何故取是糞中穢果。童子聞已
T12n0374_p0436a01║赧然有愧。即答之言。我實不食為欲洗淨還
T12n0374_p0436a02║棄捨之。智者語言。汝大愚癡若還棄者本
T12n0374_p0436a03║不應取。善男子菩薩摩訶薩亦復如是。於此
T12n0374_p0436a04║生分不受不捨。如彼智者呵責童子。凡夫之
T12n0374_p0436a05║人欣生惡死。如彼童子取果還棄。復次迦葉。
T12n0374_p0436a06║譬如四衢道頭有人。器盛滿食色香味具而
T12n0374_p0436a07║欲賣之。有人遠來飢虛羸乏。見其飯食色香
T12n0374_p0436a08║味具即指之言。此是何物。食主答言。此
T12n0374_p0436a09║是上食色香味具。若食此食得色得力。能除
T12n0374_p0436a10║飢渴得見諸天。唯有一患。所謂命終。是人
T12n0374_p0436a11║聞已即作是念。我今不用色力見天。亦不用
T12n0374_p0436a12║死即作是言。食是食已若命終者。汝今何
T12n0374_p0436a13║用於此賣之。食主答言。有智之人終不肯
T12n0374_p0436a14║買。唯有愚人不知是事。多與我價貪而食
T12n0374_p0436a15║之。善男子。菩薩摩訶薩亦復如是。不願生
T12n0374_p0436a16║天得色得力見於諸天。何以故。以其不免諸
T12n0374_p0436a17║苦惱故。凡夫愚癡隨有生處皆悉貪愛。以
T12n0374_p0436a18║其不見老病死故。復次善男子。譬如毒樹。
T12n0374_p0436a19║根亦能殺。莖亦能殺。皮花果實悉亦能殺。
T12n0374_p0436a20║善男子。二十五有受生之處所受五陰亦復
T12n0374_p0436a21║如是。一切能殺。復次迦葉。譬如糞穢多少
T12n0374_p0436a22║俱臭。善男子。生亦如是。設壽八萬下至十
T12n0374_p0436a23║歲俱亦受苦。復次迦葉。譬如嶮岸上有草
T12n0374_p0436a24║覆。於彼岸邊多有甘露。若有食者壽天千
T12n0374_p0436a25║年永除諸病安隱快樂。凡夫愚人貪其味故
T12n0374_p0436a26║不知其下有大深坑。即前欲取不覺腳跌墮
T12n0374_p0436a27║坑而死。智者知已捨離遠去。善男子。菩薩
T12n0374_p0436a28║摩訶薩亦復如是。尚不欲受天上妙食。況復
T12n0374_p0436a29║人中凡夫之人乃於地獄吞噉鐵丸。況復人
T12n0374_p0436b01║天上妙餚饌而不能食。迦葉。以如是喻及
T12n0374_p0436b02║餘無量無邊譬喻。當知是生實為大苦。迦葉。
T12n0374_p0436b03║是名菩薩摩訶薩住於大乘大涅槃經觀於生
T12n0374_p0436b04║苦。
T12n0374_p0436b05║迦葉。云何菩薩摩訶薩。於是大乘大涅槃經
T12n0374_p0436b06║觀於老苦。老者能為咳逆上氣能壞勇力。憶
T12n0374_p0436b07║念進持盛年快樂憍慢貢高。安隱自恣能作
T12n0374_p0436b08║背膢。懈怠懶惰為他所輕。迦葉。譬如池水
T12n0374_p0436b09║蓮花滿中開敷鮮榮甚可愛樂。值天降雹。悉
T12n0374_p0436b10║皆破壞。善男子。老亦如是悉能破壞盛壯好
T12n0374_p0436b11║色。復次迦葉。譬如國王有一智臣善知兵法。
T12n0374_p0436b12║有敵國王拒逆不順。王遣此臣往討伐之。即
T12n0374_p0436b13║便擒獲將來詣王。老亦如是擒獲壯色將付
T12n0374_p0436b14║死王。復次迦葉。譬如折軸無所復用。老亦
T12n0374_p0436b15║如是無所復用。復次迦葉。如大富家多有財
T12n0374_p0436b16║寶金銀琉璃珊瑚虎珀車磲馬瑙。有諸怨賊
T12n0374_p0436b17║若入其家即能劫奪悉令空盡。善男子。盛年
T12n0374_p0436b18║好色亦復如是。常為老賊之所劫奪。復次
T12n0374_p0436b19║迦葉。譬如貧人貪著上膳細軟衣裳。雖復悕
T12n0374_p0436b20║望而不能得。善男子。老亦如是雖有貪心欲
T12n0374_p0436b21║受富樂五欲自恣而不能得。復次迦葉。如陸
T12n0374_p0436b22║地龜心常念水。善男子。人亦如是。既為衰
T12n0374_p0436b23║老之所乾枯。心常憶念壯時所受五欲之樂。
T12n0374_p0436b24║復次迦葉。猶如秋月所有蓮花皆為一切之
T12n0374_p0436b25║所樂見。及其萎黃人所惡賤。善男子。盛年
T12n0374_p0436b26║壯色亦復如是。悉為一切之所愛樂。及其老
T12n0374_p0436b27║至眾所惡賤。復次迦葉。譬如甘蔗既被壓
T12n0374_p0436b28║已滓無復味。善男子。壯年盛色亦復如是。既
T12n0374_p0436b29║被老壓無三種味。一出家味。二讀誦味。三
T12n0374_p0436c01║坐禪味。復次迦葉。譬如滿月夜多光明晝則
T12n0374_p0436c02║不爾。善男子。人亦如是壯則端嚴形貌瑰
T12n0374_p0436c03║瑋。老則衰羸形神枯瘁。復次迦葉。譬如
T12n0374_p0436c04║有王常以正法治於國土真實無曲慈悲好
T12n0374_p0436c05║施。時為敵國之所破壞。流離逃迸遂至他
T12n0374_p0436c06║土。他土人民見已生於憐愍之心。咸作是
T12n0374_p0436c07║言。大王。往日正法治國不[打-丁+王]萬姓。如何一
T12n0374_p0436c08║旦流離至此。善男子。人亦如是既為衰老所
T12n0374_p0436c09║壞敗已。常讚壯時所行事業。復次迦葉。譬
T12n0374_p0436c10║如燈炷唯賴膏油。膏油既盡勢不久停。善男
T12n0374_p0436c11║子。人亦如是唯賴壯膏。壯膏既盡衰老之炷
T12n0374_p0436c12║何得久停。復次迦葉。譬如枯河不能利益人
T12n0374_p0436c13║及非人飛鳥走獸。善男子。人亦如是為老所
T12n0374_p0436c14║枯不能利益一切作業。復次迦葉。譬如河岸
T12n0374_p0436c15║臨峻之樹。若遇暴風必當顛墜。善男子。
T12n0374_p0436c16║人亦如是臨老險岸死風既至勢不得住。復
T12n0374_p0436c17║次迦葉。如車軸折不任重載。善男子。老亦
T12n0374_p0436c18║如是不能諮受一切善法。復次迦葉。譬如嬰
T12n0374_p0436c19║兒為人所輕。善男子。老亦如是常為一切之
T12n0374_p0436c20║所輕毀。迦葉。以是等喻及餘無量無邊譬喻。
T12n0374_p0436c21║當知是老實為大苦。迦葉。是名菩薩摩訶薩
T12n0374_p0436c22║修行大乘大涅槃經觀於老苦。
T12n0374_p0436c23║迦葉。云何菩薩摩訶薩修行大乘大涅槃經
T12n0374_p0436c24║觀於病苦。所謂病者。能壞一切安隱樂事。
T12n0374_p0436c25║譬如雹雨傷壞穀苗。復次迦葉。如人有怨心
T12n0374_p0436c26║常憂愁而懷恐怖。善男子。一切眾生亦復如
T12n0374_p0436c27║是。常畏病苦心懷愁憂。復次迦葉。譬如有
T12n0374_p0436c28║人形貌端正。為王夫人欲心所愛。遣使逼喚
T12n0374_p0436c29║與共交通。時王捕得即便使人挑其一目截
T12n0374_p0437a01║其一耳斷一手足。是人爾時形容改異。人所
T12n0374_p0437a02║惡賤。善男子。人亦如是。雖復身體耳目具
T12n0374_p0437a03║足。既為病苦所纏逼已。則為眾人之所惡賤。
T12n0374_p0437a04║復次迦葉。如芭蕉樹竹葦蘆騾有子則死。
T12n0374_p0437a05║善男子。人亦如是有病則死。復次迦葉。如
T12n0374_p0437a06║轉輪王主兵大臣常在前導王隨後行。亦如
T12n0374_p0437a07║魚王蟻王蠡王牛王。商主在前行時如是諸
T12n0374_p0437a08║眾悉皆隨從無捨離者。善男子。死轉輪王亦
T12n0374_p0437a09║復如是。常隨病臣不相捨離。魚蟻蠡牛商
T12n0374_p0437a10║主病王亦復如是。常為死眾之所隨逐。迦葉。
T12n0374_p0437a11║病因緣者。所謂苦惱愁憂悲嘆身心不安。或
T12n0374_p0437a12║為怨賊之所逼害。破壞浮囊撥撤橋梁。亦
T12n0374_p0437a13║能劫奪正念根本。復能破壞盛壯好色力勢
T12n0374_p0437a14║安樂。除捨慚愧能為身心焦熱熾然。以是等
T12n0374_p0437a15║喻及餘無量無邊譬喻。當知病苦是為大苦。
T12n0374_p0437a16║迦葉。是名菩薩摩訶薩修行大乘大涅槃經
T12n0374_p0437a17║觀於病苦。
T12n0374_p0437a18║迦葉。云何菩薩摩訶薩修行大乘大涅槃經
T12n0374_p0437a19║觀於死苦。所謂死者。能燒滅故。迦葉。如火
T12n0374_p0437a20║災起能燒一切。唯除二禪。力不至故。善男
T12n0374_p0437a21║子。死火亦爾能燒一切。唯除菩薩住於大乘
T12n0374_p0437a22║大般涅槃。勢不及故。復次迦葉。如水災起
T12n0374_p0437a23║一切漂沒。唯除三禪。力不至故。善男子。死
T12n0374_p0437a24║水亦爾漂沒一切。唯除菩薩住於大乘大般
T12n0374_p0437a25║涅槃。復次迦葉。如風災起能吹一切悉令散
T12n0374_p0437a26║滅。唯除四禪。力不至故。善男子。死風亦爾
T12n0374_p0437a27║悉能吹滅一切所有。唯除菩薩住於大乘大
T12n0374_p0437a28║般涅槃。迦葉菩薩白佛言。世尊。彼第四禪
T12n0374_p0437a29║以何因緣。風不能吹水不能漂火不能燒。佛
T12n0374_p0437b01║告迦葉。善男子。彼第四禪內外過患一切無
T12n0374_p0437b02║故。善男子。初禪過患內有覺觀外有火災。
T12n0374_p0437b03║二禪過患內有歡喜外有水災。三禪過患內
T12n0374_p0437b04║有喘息外有風災。善男子。彼第四禪內外過
T12n0374_p0437b05║患一切俱無。是故諸災不能及之。善男子。
T12n0374_p0437b06║菩薩摩訶薩亦復如是。安住大乘大般涅槃。
T12n0374_p0437b07║內外過患一切皆盡。是故死王不能及之。
T12n0374_p0437b08║復次善男子。如金翅鳥能噉能消一切龍魚
T12n0374_p0437b09║金銀等寶。唯除金剛不能令消。善男子。死
T12n0374_p0437b10║金翅鳥亦復如是。能噉能消一切眾生。唯不
T12n0374_p0437b11║能消住於大乘大般涅槃菩薩摩訶薩。復次
T12n0374_p0437b12║迦葉。譬如河岸所有草木大水瀑漲悉隨
T12n0374_p0437b13║漂流入於大海。唯除楊柳以其軟故。善男子。
T12n0374_p0437b14║一切眾生亦復如是。悉皆隨流入于死海。唯
T12n0374_p0437b15║除菩薩住於大乘大般涅槃。復次迦葉。如那
T12n0374_p0437b16║羅延悉能摧伏一切力士。唯除大風。何以
T12n0374_p0437b17║故。以無礙故。善男子。死那羅延亦復如是。
T12n0374_p0437b18║悉能摧伏一切眾生。唯除菩薩住於大乘大
T12n0374_p0437b19║般涅槃。何以故。以無礙故。復次迦葉。譬如
T12n0374_p0437b20║有人於怨憎中詐現親善。常相追逐如影隨
T12n0374_p0437b21║形。伺求其便而欲殺之。彼怨謹慎堅牢自備
T12n0374_p0437b22║故。使是人不能得殺。善男子。死怨亦爾。常
T12n0374_p0437b23║伺眾生而欲殺之。唯不能殺住於大乘大般
T12n0374_p0437b24║涅槃菩薩摩訶薩。何以故。以是菩薩不放逸
T12n0374_p0437b25║故。復次迦葉。譬如卒降金剛瀑雨。悉壞藥
T12n0374_p0437b26║木諸樹山林土沙瓦石金銀琉璃一切之物。
T12n0374_p0437b27║唯不能壞金剛真寶。善男子。金剛死雨亦復
T12n0374_p0437b28║如是。悉能破壞一切眾生。唯除金剛菩薩住
T12n0374_p0437b29║於大乘大般涅槃。復次迦葉。如金翅鳥能噉
T12n0374_p0437c01║諸龍。唯不能噉受三歸者。善男子。死金翅
T12n0374_p0437c02║鳥亦復如是。能噉一切無量眾生。唯除菩薩
T12n0374_p0437c03║住三定者。何謂三定。空無相願。復次迦葉。
T12n0374_p0437c04║如摩羅毒蛇凡所觸螫。雖有良咒上妙好藥
T12n0374_p0437c05║無如之何。唯阿竭多星咒能令除愈。善男子。
T12n0374_p0437c06║死毒所螫亦復如是。一切醫方無如之何。唯
T12n0374_p0437c07║除菩薩住於大乘大般涅槃咒。復次迦葉。
T12n0374_p0437c08║譬如有人為王所瞋。其人若能以軟善語貢
T12n0374_p0437c09║上財寶便可得脫。善男子。死王不爾。雖以
T12n0374_p0437c10║軟語錢財珍寶而貢上之亦不得脫。善男子。
T12n0374_p0437c11║夫死者於嶮難處無有資糧。去處懸遠而無
T12n0374_p0437c12║伴侶。晝夜常行不知邊際。深邃幽闇無有燈
T12n0374_p0437c13║明。入無門戶而有處所。雖無痛處不可療治。
T12n0374_p0437c14║往無遮止到不得脫。無所破壞見者愁毒。非
T12n0374_p0437c15║是惡色而令人怖。敷在身邊不可覺知。迦葉。
T12n0374_p0437c16║以是等喻及餘無量無邊譬喻。當知是死真
T12n0374_p0437c17║為大苦。迦葉。是名菩薩摩訶薩修行大乘大
T12n0374_p0437c18║涅槃經觀於死苦。
T12n0374_p0437c19║迦葉。云何菩薩摩訶薩住於大乘大涅槃經
T12n0374_p0437c20║觀愛別離苦。愛別離苦能為一切眾苦根本。
T12n0374_p0437c21║如說偈言。
T12n0374_p0437c22║　因愛生憂　　因愛生怖　　若離於愛
T12n0374_p0437c23║　何憂何怖
T12n0374_p0437c24║愛因緣故則生憂苦。以憂苦故則令眾生生
T12n0374_p0437c25║於衰老。愛別離苦所謂命終。善男子。以別
T12n0374_p0437c26║離故能生種種微細諸苦。今當為汝分別顯
T12n0374_p0437c27║示。善男子。過去之世人壽無量。時世有王
T12n0374_p0437c28║名為善住。其王爾時為童子身太子治事。及
T12n0374_p0437c29║登王位各八萬四千歲。時王頂上生一肉皰。
T12n0374_p0438a01║其皰柔軟如兜羅綿。細軟劫貝漸漸增長。不
T12n0374_p0438a02║以為患足滿十月。皰即開剖生一童子。其
T12n0374_p0438a03║形端正奇異少雙。色像分明人中第一。父王
T12n0374_p0438a04║歡喜字之頂生。時善住王。因以國事委付
T12n0374_p0438a05║頂生。棄捨宮殿妻子眷屬。入山學道滿八萬
T12n0374_p0438a06║四千歲。爾時頂生於十五日處在高樓沐浴
T12n0374_p0438a07║受齋。即時東方有金輪寶。其輪千輻轂輞具
T12n0374_p0438a08║足。非工匠造自然成就而來應之。頂生大王
T12n0374_p0438a09║即作是念。我昔曾聞五通仙說。若剎利王於
T12n0374_p0438a10║十五日處在高樓沐浴受齋。若有金輪千輻
T12n0374_p0438a11║不減轂輞具足。非工匠造自然成就而來應
T12n0374_p0438a12║者。當知是王即當得作轉輪聖帝。復作是念。
T12n0374_p0438a13║我今當試。即以左手擎此輪寶。右執香爐
T12n0374_p0438a14║右膝著地而發誓言。是金輪寶若實不虛。應
T12n0374_p0438a15║如過去轉輪聖王所行道去。作是誓已。是金
T12n0374_p0438a16║輪寶飛昇虛空遍十方已。還來住在頂生左
T12n0374_p0438a17║手。爾時頂生心生歡喜踊躍無量。復作是言。
T12n0374_p0438a18║我今定當作轉輪王。其後不久復有象寶。狀
T12n0374_p0438a19║貌端嚴如白蓮花七支拄地。頂生見已復作
T12n0374_p0438a20║是念。我昔曾聞五通仙說。若轉輪王於十五
T12n0374_p0438a21║日處在高樓沐浴受齋。若有象寶狀貌端嚴
T12n0374_p0438a22║如白蓮花七支拄地而來應者。當知是王即
T12n0374_p0438a23║是聖王。復作是念。我今當試。即擎香爐右
T12n0374_p0438a24║膝著地而發誓言。是白象寶若實不虛。應如
T12n0374_p0438a25║過去轉輪聖王所行道去。作是誓已是白象
T12n0374_p0438a26║寶。從旦至夕。周遍八方盡大海際還住本處。
T12n0374_p0438a27║爾時頂生心大歡喜踊躍無量。復作是言。我
T12n0374_p0438a28║今定是轉輪聖王。其後不久次有馬寶。其色
T12n0374_p0438a29║紺炎髦尾金色。頂生見已復作是念。我昔曾
T12n0374_p0438b01║聞五通仙說。若轉輪王於十五日處在高樓
T12n0374_p0438b02║沐浴受齋。若有馬寶其色紺豔髦尾金色而
T12n0374_p0438b03║來應者。當知是王即是聖王。復作是念。我
T12n0374_p0438b04║今當試。即執香爐右膝著地而發誓言。是紺
T12n0374_p0438b05║馬寶若實不虛。應如過去轉輪聖王所行道
T12n0374_p0438b06║去。作是誓己是紺馬寶從旦至夕。周遍八方
T12n0374_p0438b07║盡大海際還住本處。爾時頂生心大歡喜踊
T12n0374_p0438b08║躍無量。復作是言。我今定是轉輪聖王。其
T12n0374_p0438b09║後不久復有女寶形容端正微妙第一。不長
T12n0374_p0438b10║不短不白不黑。身諸毛孔出栴檀香。口氣香
T12n0374_p0438b11║潔如青蓮花。其目遠視見一由旬。耳聞鼻嗅
T12n0374_p0438b12║亦復如是。其舌廣大出能覆面。形色細薄如
T12n0374_p0438b13║亦銅葉。心聰叡哲有大智慧。於諸眾生常有
T12n0374_p0438b14║軟語。是女以手觸王衣時。即知王身安樂病
T12n0374_p0438b15║患。亦知王心所緣之處。爾時頂生復作是念。
T12n0374_p0438b16║若有女人能知王心即是女寶。其後不久於
T12n0374_p0438b17║王宮內自然而有寶摩尼珠。純青琉璃大如
T12n0374_p0438b18║人脾。能於闇中照一由旬。若天降雨渧如
T12n0374_p0438b19║車軸。是珠力能作蓋遍覆足一由旬。遮此大
T12n0374_p0438b20║雨不令下過。爾時頂生復作是念。若轉輪
T12n0374_p0438b21║王得是寶珠必是聖王。其後不久有主藏臣
T12n0374_p0438b22║自然而出。多饒財寶巨富無量庫藏盈溢無
T12n0374_p0438b23║所乏少。報得眼根力能徹見一切地中所有
T12n0374_p0438b24║伏藏。隨王所念皆能辦之。爾時頂生復欲試
T12n0374_p0438b25║之。即共乘船入於大海告藏臣言。我今欲得
T12n0374_p0438b26║珍異之寶。藏臣聞已即以兩手撓大海水。時
T12n0374_p0438b27║十指頭出十寶藏。以奉聖王而白王言。大王。
T12n0374_p0438b28║所須隨意用之。其餘在者當投大海。爾時
T12n0374_p0438b29║頂生心大歡喜踊躍無量。復作念言。我今
T12n0374_p0438c01║定是轉輪聖王。其後不久有主兵臣自然而
T12n0374_p0438c02║出。勇健猛略策謀第一善知四兵。若任鬥者
T12n0374_p0438c03║則現聖王。若不任者退不令現。未摧伏者
T12n0374_p0438c04║能令摧伏。已摧伏者力能守護。爾時頂生復
T12n0374_p0438c05║作是念。若轉輪王得是兵寶。當知定是轉輪
T12n0374_p0438c06║聖王。爾時頂生轉輪聖帝告諸大臣。汝等當
T12n0374_p0438c07║知此閻浮提安隱豐樂。然我今已七寶成就
T12n0374_p0438c08║千子具足更何所為。諸臣答言。唯然。大王。
T12n0374_p0438c09║東弗婆提猶未歸德王應往討。爾時聖王與
T12n0374_p0438c10║其七寶一切營從。飛空而往東弗婆提。彼土
T12n0374_p0438c11║人民歡喜歸化。復告大臣。我閻浮提及弗
T12n0374_p0438c12║婆提安隱豐樂人民熾盛悉來歸化。七寶成
T12n0374_p0438c13║就千子具足復何所為。諸臣答言。唯然。大
T12n0374_p0438c14║王。西瞿陀尼猶未歸德。爾時聖王復與七寶
T12n0374_p0438c15║一切營從飛空而往西瞿陀尼。王既至彼。彼
T12n0374_p0438c16║土人民亦復歸化。復告大臣。我閻浮提及弗
T12n0374_p0438c17║婆提此瞿陀尼安隱豐樂人民熾盛。咸以歸
T12n0374_p0438c18║化。七寶成就千子具足復何所為。諸臣答言。
T12n0374_p0438c19║唯然。大王。北鬱單越猶未歸化。爾時聖王
T12n0374_p0438c20║復與七寶一切營從。飛空而往北鬱單越。王
T12n0374_p0438c21║既至彼。彼土人民歡喜歸德。復告大臣。我
T12n0374_p0438c22║四天下安隱豐樂人民熾盛咸已歸德。七寶
T12n0374_p0438c23║成就千子具足更何所為。諸臣答言。唯然。
T12n0374_p0438c24║聖王。三十三天壽命極長安隱快樂。彼天身
T12n0374_p0438c25║形端嚴無比。所居宮殿床榻臥具悉是七寶。
T12n0374_p0438c26║自恃天福未來歸化。今可往討令其摧伏。爾
T12n0374_p0438c27║時聖王復與七寶一切營從。飛騰虛空上忉
T12n0374_p0438c28║利天。見有一樹其色青綠。聖王見已即問大
T12n0374_p0438c29║臣。此是何色。大臣答言。此是波利質多羅樹。
T12n0374_p0439a01║忉利諸天夏三月日常於其下娛樂受樂。復
T12n0374_p0439a02║見白色猶如白雲。復問大臣。彼是何色。大
T12n0374_p0439a03║臣答言。是善法堂忉利諸天常集其中論人
T12n0374_p0439a04║天事。於是天主釋提桓因。知頂生王已來在
T12n0374_p0439a05║外即出迎。逆見已執手昇善法堂分座而坐。
T12n0374_p0439a06║彼時二王形容相貌等無差別。唯有視眴為
T12n0374_p0439a07║別異耳。是時聖王即生念言。我今寧可退彼
T12n0374_p0439a08║王位。即住其中為天王不。善男子。爾時帝
T12n0374_p0439a09║釋受持讀誦大乘經典。開示分別為他演說。
T12n0374_p0439a10║唯於深義未盡通達。以是讀誦受持分別為
T12n0374_p0439a11║他廣說因緣力故有大威德。善男子。而是頂
T12n0374_p0439a12║生於此帝釋生惡心已。即便墮落還閻浮提。
T12n0374_p0439a13║與所愛念人天離別生大苦惱。復遇惡病即
T12n0374_p0439a14║便命終。爾時帝釋迦葉佛是。轉輪聖王則我
T12n0374_p0439a15║身是。善男子。當知如是愛別離者極為大苦。
T12n0374_p0439a16║善男子。菩薩摩訶薩尚憶過去如是等輩愛
T12n0374_p0439a17║別離苦。何況菩薩住於大乘大涅槃經。而當
T12n0374_p0439a18║不觀現在之世愛別離苦。
T12n0374_p0439a19║善男子。云何菩薩摩訶薩修行大乘大涅槃
T12n0374_p0439a20║經觀怨憎會苦。善男子。是菩薩摩訶薩觀於
T12n0374_p0439a21║地獄畜生餓鬼人中天上。皆有如是怨憎會
T12n0374_p0439a22║苦。譬如人觀牢獄繫閉枷鎖杻械以為大苦。
T12n0374_p0439a23║菩薩摩訶薩亦復如是。觀於五道一切受生。
T12n0374_p0439a24║悉是怨憎合會大苦。復次善男子。譬如有人
T12n0374_p0439a25║常畏怨家枷鎖杻械。捨離父母妻子眷屬珍
T12n0374_p0439a26║寶產業而遠逃避。善男子。菩薩摩訶薩亦復
T12n0374_p0439a27║如是。怖畏生死具足修行六波羅蜜入於涅
T12n0374_p0439a28║槃。迦葉。是名菩薩摩訶薩修行大乘大般涅
T12n0374_p0439a29║槃觀怨憎會苦。
T12n0374_p0439b01║善男子。云何菩薩修行大乘大般涅槃觀求
T12n0374_p0439b02║不得苦。求者一切盡求。盡求者有二種。一求
T12n0374_p0439b03║善法。二求不善法。善法未得苦惡法未離苦。
T12n0374_p0439b04║是則略說五盛陰苦。迦葉。是名苦諦。
T12n0374_p0439b05║爾時迦葉菩薩摩訶薩白佛言。世尊。如佛所
T12n0374_p0439b06║說五盛陰苦是義不然。何以故。如佛往昔告
T12n0374_p0439b07║釋摩男。若色苦者一切眾生不應求色。若有
T12n0374_p0439b08║求者則不名苦。如佛告諸比丘。有三種受。苦
T12n0374_p0439b09║受樂受不苦不樂受。如佛先為諸比丘說。若
T12n0374_p0439b10║有人能修行善法則得受樂。又如佛說於善
T12n0374_p0439b11║道中六觸受樂。眼見好色是則為樂。耳鼻舌
T12n0374_p0439b12║身意思好法亦復如是。如佛說偈。
T12n0374_p0439b13║　持戒則為樂　　身不受眾苦
T12n0374_p0439b14║　睡眠得安隱　　寤則心歡喜
T12n0374_p0439b15║　若受衣食時　　誦習而經行
T12n0374_p0439b16║　獨處於山林　　如是為最樂
T12n0374_p0439b17║　若能於眾生　　晝夜常修慈
T12n0374_p0439b18║　因是得常樂　　以不惱他故
T12n0374_p0439b19║　少欲知足樂　　多聞分別樂
T12n0374_p0439b20║　無著阿羅漢　　亦名為受樂
T12n0374_p0439b21║　菩薩摩訶薩　　畢竟到彼岸
T12n0374_p0439b22║　所作眾事辦　　是名為最樂
T12n0374_p0439b23║世尊。如諸經中所說樂相其義如是。如佛今
T12n0374_p0439b24║說云何當與此義相應。佛告迦葉。善哉善
T12n0374_p0439b25║哉。善男子。善能諮問如來是義。善男子。一
T12n0374_p0439b26║切眾生於下苦中橫生樂想。是故我今所說
T12n0374_p0439b27║苦相與本不異。爾時迦葉菩薩白佛言。如佛
T12n0374_p0439b28║所說於下苦中生樂想者。下生下老下病下
T12n0374_p0439b29║死。下愛別離下求不得下怨憎會下五盛陰。
T12n0374_p0439c01║如是等苦亦應有樂。世尊。下生者。所謂三
T12n0374_p0439c02║惡趣。中生者所謂人中。上生者所謂天上。
T12n0374_p0439c03║若復有人作如是問。若於下樂生於苦想。於
T12n0374_p0439c04║中樂中生無苦樂想。於上樂中生於樂想。當
T12n0374_p0439c05║云何答。世尊。若下苦中生樂想者。未見有人
T12n0374_p0439c06║當受千罰初一下時已生樂想。若不生者。云
T12n0374_p0439c07║何說言於下苦中而生樂想。佛告迦葉。如是
T12n0374_p0439c08║如是如汝所說。以是義故無有樂想。何以故。
T12n0374_p0439c09║猶如彼人當受千罰受一下已即得脫者。是
T12n0374_p0439c10║人爾時便生樂想。是故當知於無樂中妄生
T12n0374_p0439c11║樂想。迦葉言。世尊。彼人不以一下生於樂想。
T12n0374_p0439c12║以得脫故而生樂想。迦葉是故我昔為釋摩
T12n0374_p0439c13║男說。五陰中樂實不虛也。迦葉。有三受三
T12n0374_p0439c14║苦。三受者。所謂樂受苦受不苦不樂受。三
T12n0374_p0439c15║苦者。所謂苦苦行苦壞苦。善男子。苦受者名
T12n0374_p0439c16║為三苦。所謂苦苦行苦壞苦。餘二受者。所
T12n0374_p0439c17║謂行苦壞苦。善男子。以是因緣生死之中實
T12n0374_p0439c18║有樂受。菩薩摩訶薩以苦樂性不相捨離。是
T12n0374_p0439c19║故說言一切皆苦。善男子。生死之中實無有
T12n0374_p0439c20║樂。但諸佛菩薩隨順世間說言有樂。迦葉菩
T12n0374_p0439c21║薩白佛言。世尊。諸佛菩薩若隨俗說是虛
T12n0374_p0439c22║妄否。如佛所說修行善者則受樂報。持戒
T12n0374_p0439c23║安樂身不受苦。乃至眾事已辦是為最樂。如
T12n0374_p0439c24║是等經所說樂受是虛妄否。若是虛妄諸佛
T12n0374_p0439c25║世尊。久於無量百千萬億阿僧祇劫。修菩提
T12n0374_p0439c26║道已離妄語。今作是說其義云何。佛言。善男
T12n0374_p0439c27║子。如上所說諸受樂偈即是菩提道之根本。
T12n0374_p0439c28║亦能長養阿耨多羅三藐三菩提。以是義故。
T12n0374_p0439c29║先於經中說是樂相。善男子。譬如世間所須
T12n0374_p0440a01║資生能為樂因故名為樂。所謂女色耽愐飲
T12n0374_p0440a02║酒上饌甘味。渴時得水寒時遇火。衣服瓔珞
T12n0374_p0440a03║象馬車乘奴婢僮僕。金銀琉璃珊瑚真珠倉
T12n0374_p0440a04║庫穀米。如是等物世間所須能為樂因是名
T12n0374_p0440a05║為樂。善男子。如是等物亦能生苦。因於女
T12n0374_p0440a06║人生男子苦。憂愁悲泣乃至斷命。因酒甘味
T12n0374_p0440a07║乃至倉穀。亦能令人生大憂惱。以是義故一
T12n0374_p0440a08║切皆苦無有樂相。善男子。菩薩摩訶薩於是
T12n0374_p0440a09║八苦解苦無苦。善男子。一切聲聞辟支佛等
T12n0374_p0440a10║不知樂因。為如是人於下苦中說有樂相。唯
T12n0374_p0440a11║有菩薩住於大乘大般涅槃。乃能知是苦因
T12n0374_p0440a12║樂因。
T12n0374_p0440a13║大般涅槃經卷第十二